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Excess exposure to fructose intake determines the liver to metabolize high doses of fructose, producing increased levels of fructose end products, like glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, that can converge with the glycolytic pathway. Fructose also leads to increased levels of advanced glycation end products.

The macrophages exposed to advanced glycation end products become  dysfunctional and, on entry into the artery wall, contribute to plaque formation and thrombosis.

Sugar-Damaged Proteins

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Oxidative Stress

One way is the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced by the burning of blood sugar (Glucose) and oxygen in our cells to  produce energy. The free radicals produced by this can cause oxidation damage to surrounding tissues (oxidative stress). The body uses a variety of anti-oxidants (e.g. cholesterol & CoQ10) to control or limit such damage but these can be overwhelmed.  The rate of damage may exceed the rate of repair with excessive use of energy from sugar.

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The world’s big pharmaceutical companies are cutting back their research into treatment for Alzheimer’s, after being hit by the failure of a number of high profile, and expensive, drugs trials. Sir John Bell, Life Sciences Champion for the government, and Stephen Whitehead, head of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry discuss why it is proving so hard to find something that works.

BBC Radio4 Today: Thursday 20th September 07:50 BSTOur Paper on Alzheimers Disease